eyes on board motion sickness glasses review

EYES ON BOARD MOTION SICKNESS GLASSES REVIEW FULL

1 in ) it is argued that vection is a prerequisite for VIMS (, see also ). Since MS requires either real or apparent self-motion (see p. Specifically, VIMS would occur because of the unfamiliar pattern of stimulation (i.e., visual motion information is not accompanied by vestibular motion information), which is not in agreement with what is expected based on previous experience. The first theory in the context of VIMS is the Sensory Conflict (SC) theory, which explains VIMS in terms of conflicting information from the vestibular and visual sensory modality. In this study we investigate their relative contributions. Depending on the underlying theory, vection, eye movements (OKN), head movements, and postural instability have been proposed as contributing or causal factors in the genesis of VIMS.

As will be laid out below, there are different views on why visual yaw rotation provokes such symptoms. Symptoms include stomach discomfort, nausea, oculomotor discomfort and dizziness. Prolonged exposure to visual yaw rotation (i.e., 20–30 min) may also induce symptoms of motion sickness (MS, e.g., ) which, in this case, is referred to as Visually Induced Motion Sickness (VIMS). A state of “full” vection is reached when the participant perceives the drum to be Earth-stationary, and all visual scene motion is attributed to self-motion. When the drum starts rotating around the stationary participant, the moving visual pattern evokes an optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and a compelling sense of self motion in the opposite direction gradually develops over time. Traditionally, this apparent self-motion is induced with the participant sitting inside a cylindrical drum, which is painted on the inside with alternating black and white stripes. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭircular vection is the sensation of self-rotation in stationary observers induced by rotation of the visual surround.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This study was funded by the Max Planck Society. Received: DecemAccepted: MaPublished: April 5, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Nooij et al. PLoS ONE 12(4):Įditor: Manabu Sakakibara, Tokai University, JAPAN These results may seem to be in line with the Sensory Conflict theory on motion sickness, but we argue that a more detailed definition of the exact nature of the conflict is required to fully appreciate the relationship between vection and VIMS.Ĭitation: Nooij SAE, Pretto P, Oberfeld D, Hecht H, Bülthoff HH (2017) Vection is the main contributor to motion sickness induced by visual yaw rotation: Implications for conflict and eye movement theories. Regression parameters for vection variability, head and eye movement parameters were not significant. Results show that VIMS increases with vection strength, but that this relation varies among participants ( R 2 = 0.48). Measured parameters included vection strength, vection variability, OKN slow phase velocity, OKN frequency, the number of inadvertent head movements, and inadvertent head tilt. In all conditions, head movements were minimized as much as possible.

EYES ON BOARD MOTION SICKNESS GLASSES REVIEW FULL

Using a full factorial design, the OKN was manipulated by a fixation target (present/absent), and vection strength by introducing a conflict in the motion direction of the central and peripheral field of view (present/absent). To that end, participants were exposed to visual yaw rotation in four separate sessions.

We adopted an integrative approach to the problem by obtaining measures of potentially relevant parameters in four experimental conditions and subsequently combining them in a linear mixed regression model. However, a full understanding of the role of each factor is still lacking because independent manipulation has proven difficult in the past. These three elements have all been proposed as contributing factors in VIMS, as they can be linked to different motion sickness theories. This study investigated the role of vection (i.e., a visually induced sense of self-motion), optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and inadvertent head movements in visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), evoked by yaw rotation of the visual surround.

Eyes on board motion sickness glasses review